The income comes in waves but the bills don’t. That’s the core challenge for seasonal businesses like landscaping, pool service, and pest control. You might do 70 or 80 percent of your year’s revenue between April and October, but rent, insurance, loan payments, and taxes keep showing up in January.

The fix is setting money aside while it’s coming in. Two separate reserves work best. One for taxes, one for operating expenses during slow months.

As a self-employed business owner, you owe income tax and self-employment tax on your profit. The IRS expects you to pay as you earn through quarterly estimated taxes. If you wait until April to pay it all at once, you’ll owe penalties on top of the tax itself.

A good starting point is setting aside 25 to 30 percent of your net profit for federal taxes. If you’re in Massachusetts, add another 5 percent for state. Every time you get paid during the busy season, move that percentage into a separate savings account and don’t touch it. Clean bookkeeping and tax services help you calculate these amounts accurately and track whether you’re staying on plan.

Quarterly estimated tax payments are due April 15, June 15, September 15, and January 15. The January payment covers October through December, which is often your slowest quarter. If you set the money aside during busy months, you’ll have it ready when the payment comes due.

For operating expenses, figure out what it costs to run the business each month when you’re not bringing in much revenue. Include fixed costs like insurance, loan payments, software subscriptions, and any minimum payroll you need to keep. Add your own living expenses if you’re drawing from the business.

Multiply that monthly number by however many slow months you have. For a landscaper in New England, that might be four or five months. That total is what you need set aside by the time busy season ends. Build it gradually during your peak months. If you need $40,000 to cover November through March and you have six strong months to save, that’s roughly $6,700 per month going into reserves.

Cash runway is how long you can operate on the cash you have. In October, you should know exactly how many months of expenses are sitting in the bank. If the number is lower than the slow months ahead, you have time to adjust. If you don’t know your runway, you’re guessing.

Some seasonal businesses have revenue swings of $50,000 or $100,000 between high and low months. At that scale, setting aside the right percentages, timing equipment purchases, and structuring owner draws takes more planning than a simple savings rule covers. A fractional CFO can build the cash flow projections and help you navigate those decisions without hiring a full-time finance person.

If your books are current and you’re tracking cash flow, managing seasonality gets a lot easier. If you’re not sure where you stand heading into slow season, reach out for a consultation. Every seasonal business is different, and the specifics matter.